I have a Nikon D5300 camera, with a standard lens. This post is an answer to Learning Activity: Exposure basics, question 1.
After reading the appropriate section in your prescribed textbook From Snapshots to Great Shots, please answer the following questions:
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Name all the functions / buttons on the front of your camera
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Name all the functions / buttons on the back of your camera.
Buttons on the front of camera:

1.Infrared Receiver
2. Lens mount
3. Release Mode Button
4. Lens Release Button
5. Lens Mounting Mark
6. Function button
7. Flash mode button
8. AF- Assist Illuminator
Buttons on the back of camera:

1. LCD/Information Screen
2. Thumbnail/Playback Zoom Out
3. Playback Zoom In
4. Delete button
5. Multi-Selector
6. OK button
7. Memory card door
8. Playback button
9. Command dial
10. AutoExposure/AutoFocus Lock Button
11. Information edit
12. Mode dial
13. ?
14. Menu
15. Infrared receiver
Buttons on top of camera:

1. Movie record button
2. Shutter release
3. Exposure Compensation/Aperture Adjustment
4. Info button
5. Live view switch
6. Mode dial
7. Flash hot shoe
8. Speaker
9. Stereo Microphone
ISO, aperture and shutter speed:
How to set the correct ISO:
- Rotate the Mode dial to any setting other than Auto or Auto (Flash Off).
- Press the i button on the back of the camera to activate the cursor in the information screen.
- Use the Multi-selector to highlight the ISO Sensitivity option, and press the OK button (A).
Explain how you would change the aperture:
In P mode (programmed autoexposure) and A mode (aperture-priority autoexposure): The camera displays its recommended f-stop (aperture) and shutter speed when you press the shutter button halfway. But you can rotate the Command dial to select a different combination of settings. The number of possible combinations depends on the aperture settings the camera can select, which depends on the lens you are using.
The camera automatically changes the shutter speed as needed to to get good exposure.
Explain how you would change the shutter speed:
S mode (shutter-priority autoexposure): Rotate the Command dial to set the shutter speed. When you do, the camera automatically adjusts the aperture as needed to get a good exposure.